Historical Overview of Incretin Based Therapies
نویسندگان
چکیده
The existence of incretins was postulated in the early 20th century when Murce administered duodenal extract in patients with diabetes and demonstrated reduction in glucosuria. However, the identity of the putative incretin factor(s) remained elusive until the purification and characterisation of the first incretin, GIP, was discovered in 1973. GIP is a peptide of 42 amino acids, produced predominantly in duodenal K cells in the proximal small intestine, and can inhibit acid secretion in denervated gastric pouches.2 Soon after its discovery, insulinotropic properties of GIP were further exposed.3 The predominant stimulus for GIP secretion is nutrient intake. Circulating levels of GIP are low in the fasting state and rise within minutes of food ingestion.
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